WHY DAF YOMI?
Talmud Study
Herman Wouk
In the Talmudic method of text study, the starting point is
the principle that any text that is deemed worthy of serious
study must be assumed to have been written with such care
and precision that every term,expression, generalization or
Daf Yomi: Tossed into a stormy sea when his ship was
wrecked, the great Talmudic sage Rabbi Akiva was given
up for lost. This is how he later described his miraculous
rescue to Rabbi Gamaliel: "A daf (plank) from the ship
exception is significant not
so much for what it states
as for what it implies. The
contents of ideas as well as
the diction and phraseology
in which they are clothed
are to enter into the
reasoning. This method is
characteristic of the
Tannaitic interpretation of
the Bible from the earliest
times; the belief in the
divine origin of the Bible
was sufficient justification
for attaching importance to
its external forms of
expression. The same
method was followed later
by the Amoraim in their
interpretation of the
Mishnah and by their
successors in the
interpretation of the
Talmud, and it continued to
be applied to the later
WHY DAF YOMI?
Because by now the Talmud is in my bones. Its
elegant and arcane ethical algebra, its soaked-in
quintessential Jewishness, its fun, its difficulty, its
accumulative virtue ("I learned a 'blatt' today, I've
learned forty 'blatt' this year") all balance against
the cost in time and the so-called "remoteness from
reality." Is 'Lear' closer to reality? I think they are
about as close ('l'havdil,' as my rabbi would
interject) in different ways, and that the Talmud is
holy besides.
Anyway, I love it. That's reason enough. My
father once said to me, "If I had enough breath left
in me for only one last word, I'd say to you, 'Study
the Talmud.' " I'm just beginning to understand
him. I would say the same thing to my own sons.
Above and beyond all its other intellectual and
cultural values, the Talmud is, for people like us,
'identity,' pure and ever-springing.
Herman Wouk, unpublished diary,
16 January 1972.
suddenly appeared as a
salvation, and I just let the
waves pass over me."
When Rabbi Meir Shapiro,
the rabbi of Lublin between
the two World Wars,
initiated the program for
Jews all over the world to
study the same daf yomi
(daily page of Talmud), he
explained the significance
of this undertaking by
paraphrasing Rabbi Akiva:
"A daf is the instrument of
our survival in the stormy
seas of today. If we cling
to it faithfully all the waves
of tribulation will but pass
over us." The entire
Talmud is covered in seven
years by those who keep to
the prescribed daily pace.
Study groups and
individuals throughout the
world are now in the
forms of rabbinic Literature. Serious students themselves,
accustomed to a rigid form of logical reasoning and to the usage of
precise forms of expression, the Talmudic trained scholars attributed
the same quality of precision and exactness to any authoritative
work, be it of divine origin or the product of the human mind. Their
second half of the seventh cycle of daf yomi.
One individual is the author, Herman Wouk, who
here, in a never-before-published page from his
diary, described his experience with the daily daf
attitude toward the written word of any kind is like that of the jurist toward the external phrasing of statutes and laws,
and perhaps also, in some respect, like that of the latest kind of historical and literary criticism which applies the method
of psycho-analysis to the study of texts. This attitude toward texts had its necessary concomitant in what may again be
called the Talmudic hypothetico-deductive method of text interpretation. Confronted with a statement on any subject,
the Talmudic student will proceed to raise a series of questions before he satisfies himself of having understood its full
meaning. If the statement is not clear enough, he will ask, 'What does the author intend to say here?' If it is too obvious,
he will again ask, 'It is too plain, why then expressly say it?' If it is a statement of fact or of a concrete instance, he will
then ask, 'What underlying principle does it involve?' If it is broad generalization, he will want to know exactly how
much it is to include; and if it is an exception to a general rule, he will want to know how much it is to exclude. He will
furthermore want to know all the circumstances under which a certain statement is true, and what qualifications are
permissible. Statements apparently contradictory to each other will be reconciled by the discovery of some subtle
distinction, and statements apparently irrelevant to each other will be subtly analyzed into their ultimate elements and
shown to contain some common underlying principle. The harmonization of apparent contradictions and the
* Harry
Austryn
Wolfson,
Crescas'
Critique of
Aristotle
(Cambridge,
Massachusetts:
Harvard
University
Press.
1929).
interlinking of apparent irrelevancies are two characteristic features of the Talmudic method of text study. And similarly
every other phenomenon about the text becomes a matter of investigation. Why does the author use one word rather than
another? What need was there for the mentioning of a specific instance as an illustration? Do certain authorities differ
or not? If they do, why do they differ? All these are legitimate questions for the Talmudic student of texts. And any
attempt to answer these questions calls for ingenuity and skill, the power of analysis and association, and the ability to
set up hypotheses - and all these must be bolstered up by a wealth of accurate information and the use of good judgment.
No limitation is set upon any subject; problems run into one another; they become intricate and interwoven, one throwing
light upon the other. And there is a logic underlying this method of reasoning. It is the very same kind of logic which
underlies any sort of scientific research, and by which one is enabled to form hypotheses, to test them and to formulate
general laws. The Talmudic student approaches the study of texts in the same manner as the scientist approaches the
study of nature. Just as the scientist proceeds on the assumption that there is a uniformity and continuity in nature so the
Talmudic student proceeds on the assumption that there is a uniformity and continuity in human reasoning. Now this
method of text interpretation is sometimes derogatorily referred to as Talmudic quibbling or pilpul. In truth, it is nothing
but the application of the scientific method to the study of texts.
*
Originally Published by Ohr Somayach International in
the Summer, 1974 issue of Shema Yisrael Magazine
Copyright © 1996